Problem in corrections Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Problem in corrections - Research Paper Example tainee are technically organized to determine essential needs on health, social, and other relevant aspects of development by which the person may learn to outgrow crime-prone attributes. In my opinion, diversion if properly administered would attain to the principal goal of leading the involved parties at fault towards psychological renewal or even emotional reorientation for their own sake and the society that is directly impacted by their reformed attitude. Such desired end as characterized by a gradual change of heart in the process truly signifies relief for the system of justice given the number of other major cases or concerns in need of serious attention. An investment to monitor prisoners upon temporary or permanent release, I suppose, would further ensure quality of transformation to normal behavior and sound well-being apart from any criminal tendencies. When this objective is consistently met, the judicial system would no doubt come to the intended relief of prison units from overcrowding. Loewenstein, James. â€Å"Overcrowding Remains a Problem at County Jail.† thedailyreview. Retrieved from http://thedailyreview.com/news/overcrowding-remains-a-problem-at-county-jail-1.1299342 on April 24,

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Free Research Paper Example Essay I. INTEGRATED SCIENCE(Interaction: Environment and organism) II. COURSE PAPER: CASE STUDY Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear onEarth, and are present in most habitats on the planet, growing in soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and deep in the Earths crust, as well as in organic matter and the live bodies of plants and animals, providing outstanding examples of mutualism in the digestive tracts of humans, termites and cockroaches. On February 6, 2013, scientists reported that bacteria were found living in the cold and dark in a lake buried a half-mile deep under the ice in Antarctica. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water; in all, there are approximately five nonillion (5Ãâ€"1030) bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass that exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many steps in nutrient cycles depending on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere andputrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds such as hydrogen sulphide and methane. Most bacteria have not been characterised, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch ofmicrobiology. Most bacteria secrete a covering for themselves which we call a cell wall, However, bacterial cell walls are a totally different thing than the cell walls we talk about plants having. Bacterial cell walls do NOT contain cellulose like plant cell walls do. Bacterial cell walls are made mostly of a chemical called peptidoglycan (made of polypeptides bonded to modified sugars), but the amount and location of the peptidoglycan are different in the two possible types of cell walls, depending on the species of bacterium. Some antibiotics, like penicillin, inhibit the formation of the chemical cross linkages needed to make peptidoglycan. These antibiotics don’t outright kill the bacteria, but just stop them from being able to make more cell wall so they can grow. That’s why antibiotics must typically be taken for ten days until the bacteria, unable to grow, die of â€Å"old age†. If a person stops taking the antibiotic sooner, any living bacteria could start making peptidoglycan, grow, and reproduce. Bacteria were the most prominent creatures in the early stages of lifes history almost 4000 million years until 600 million years ago. Fossils called stromatolites can still be found and were made by Cyanobacteria. III. SOURCE/REFERENCES * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria * http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/bacteria.htm * http://bacteriamuseum.org/cms/Bacteria/what-are-bacteria.html * http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/bacdr.html * http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/bacdr.html IV. CONTENT A. BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE CASE Endogenous endophthalmitis is a potentially blinding ocular infection resulting from hematogenous spread from a remote primary source. The condition is relatively rare but may become more common as the number of chronically debilitated patients and the use of invasive procedures increase. Many etiologic organisms (gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal) have been reported to cause endogenous endophthalmitis. Risk factors are well defined and include most reasons for immune suppression. A high clinical suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and treatment. Early intravenous antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. The roles of intravitreal antibiotics and vitrectomy are evolving and may become more widely accepted as therapeutic modalities. The authors report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis and provide a brief review of the literature. Endogenous endophthalmitis is defined as an intraocular infection resulting from hematogenous bacterial spread. It is relatively rare, accounting for 2 to 8 percent of all cases of endophthalmitis, and is associated with immunocompromised states, debilitating diseases and invasive procedures.1 Because of the rapid advance of medical technology, a longer life span of patients with chronic diseases and a rising prevalence of long-term intravenous access, the disease may become more common in clinical practice. It is important that the family physician be aware of endogenous endophthalmitis because early diagnosis and prompt aggressive treatment are imperative if vision loss is to be avoided. B. POINT OF VIEW Banana bacterial (Xanthomonas) wilt, first detected in Uganda in 2001, has since spread rapidly. Approximately one third of Ugandas banana growing land is now affected by the disease, which renders fruit inedible and ultimately kills the plant. The Ugandan government has been praised for its promptness in attempting to control the spread, but despite these efforts, and the encouraging success of control in some areas, the risk of further spread, both within and beyond Uganda, remains. Strengthening and refining the control effort is now clearly essential, but how should this be done, where are the research priorities, and what action should be taken by Ugandas neighbours? In July this year an expert consultation of senior stakeholders from policy, research and disease control, was convened at the UKs Central Science Laboratory near York. They offered New Agriculturist their points of view on the current status of the disease and the ways forward for control.

Earthing System Lightning

Earthing System Lightning 1.1Introduction Earthing system electrodes are used to divert high currents to the earth. Therefore a proper design of an earthing system is required to dissipate high currents magnitude to the earth safely regardless the fault type. Lightning and other surges subject the electrical power system to high magnitude and fast rise-time transient currents and voltages requires dissipation to earth in controlled methods. In order to minimise damage to the electrical equipments and safety measures have to be taken to protect the human beings. On high voltage transmission and distribution systems, lightning protection and insulation co-ordination schemes are employed to protect power system equipment from damage. The main factor that determines the effectiveness of these schemes is the soil resistivity properties of the earth. In this thesis, the performance of wind turbine earthing systems subjected to power frequency and impulses is investigated by considering both their high frequency and transient behaviour. 1.2 Earthing System Functions Earthing systems are designed primarily for power frequency earth fault conditions. However, certain plant within substations such as surge arresters will provide a path to earth for transient currents and in such cases the standards recommend the installation of a high frequency earth electrode, usually an earth rod [1.1]. High frequency earth electrode means that the earth rod is to dissipate to earth all the high frequency components of the transient. In practice, all the parts of the earthing system are interconnected and may play a role in the dissipation of both power frequency faults and surges. In the case of wind turbine there will earthing termination system especially designed for lightning protection. . 1.3 Components of earthing systems Generally, substation earthing grids consist of a system of conductors buried in the ground occupying an area related to the dimensions of the substation. Additional components may include the metallic sheaths of cables and earth wires of tower lines and their associated tower footings. These extended earth systems emanate from the substation and are bonded solidly to the earth grid. The performance of these components is difficult to predict because soil has a non-homogeneous resistivity ranging from 10 to 10,000 m [1.2]. 1.4 Wind turbine earthing system IEC 61400-24 IEC technical Report of wind turbine generation lightning protection [1.3] states that each turbine must be equipped with its own earth termination system, even if it connected to a general wind farm earthing system. The report [1.3] described the basic requirements for lightning protection of the windfarm. Earthing systems should be designed in accordance with ICE 61024-1 standard of lighting protection of structures [1.4]. This standard recommends two types of earth electrode systems for wind turbines and are referred to as Type A and Type B arrangements. 1.4.1Type A arrangement: This type employs of horizontal or vertical electrodes connected to each down conductor in the case of wind turbine the down conductor would be the wind turbine tower. 1.4.2Type B arrangement: This type uses a ring earth electrode external to the structure soil. A wind turbine normally uses the Type B arrangement with a ring earth electrode placed around the foundation reinforced [1.3] as can be seen in Figure 1. in the standard the ring earth requires to be in contact with the soil for at least 80% of its total length of a foundation earth electrode. The ring electrode should be buried to a depth of at least 0.5m. However, Additional vertical and horizontal earth electrodes may be used in combination with the ring electrode. The radius of the ring electrode will therefore normally be defined by the radius of the turbine foundation and extra conductors may have to be installed as stated below. Figure 1. Typical wind turbine earthing arrangement Foundation reinforced bar normally bonded to lightning protection earth Top view Wind turbine tower 2m vertical electrodes Transformer If the recommended 10W resistance by [1.4] is not achieved then an additional horizontal or f vertical electrodes may be used in combination with the ring electrode. Also, in the standard it states that no more than 50m of the horizontal electrode can be attached to the wind turbine, may be a low resistance value achieved, but could have high transient impedance due to high series impedance of the conductor. 1.5 Soil resistivity Conduction properties of soil are important, particularly its specific resistivity. The soil resistivity is one of the main factors determining the resistance of any earth electrode. Most soils and rocks are poor conductors of electricity when dry. The exceptions to this are certain mineral bodies. However when soils contain water, the resistivity drops, and they may then be considered as moderate conductors, although they are very poor when compared with metals. For example, pure copper resistivity is 1.6cm whilst a quite normal value for soil would be 10,000 cm. The resistivity is determined by the following factors: a) type of soil b) chemical composition of the soil c) concentration of salts dissolved in pore water d) overall moisture content e) temperature f) grain size and the distribution of grain size [1.2]. 1.6Tolerable voltage During a ground fault on a transmission line, a number of towers near the fault are likely to acquire high potential. Potential gradients are also set up in the ground surface and these may present a hazard to humans and livestock. These hazard voltages are generally referred to as touch and step potentials, which are defined [1.5] as follows: a) The touch potential is the difference between the earth potential rise (EPR) and the surface potential at the point where a person is standing, while at the same time having his hand in contact with a ground structure [1.5]. b) The step potential is the difference in surface potential experienced by a person bridging a distance of 1m with his feet without contacting any other grounding object [1.5]. There are limits placed on the allowable EPR of an earthing system as stated in International Telecommunication Union ITU-T [1.6]. These limits are as follows. 650 V for sites fed from high reliability lines where faults are rare and cleared quickly (200 ms maximum). 430 V for sites fed from lines having standard protection. The limits of touch and step potentials are related to the current that can be withstood by a human body before there is a serious risk of fatality [1.5, 1.7]. A magnitude in the order of 50mA is sufficient to cause ventricular fibrillation, which will normally result in death [1.8-1.9]. 1.7 Standard Lightning Impulse The lightning impulse is characterised by three parameters, the peak current magnitude, the time to peak current and time to half peak current which is the time required for the current impulse to decay to half of its peak magnitude. However, standard lightning impulse shapes are generally described by the peak current or voltage and the time to the peak T1 and the time to the half peak T2 and usually written as T1/T2 in microseconds defined as the rise-time. e.g. a 10kA, 5/20ms. Figure 1.2 Lightning Impulse Lightning impulses are usually described by their peak current (or voltage) and by T1 and T2 written as T1/T2 in microseconds. e.g. a 10kA, 5/20ms impulse. 1.7 Standards Applicable to Earthing Systems There are UK and international standards provide guidelines to different earthing systems configurations design. These standards are concerned with power frequency earthing systems design and give limited guidance when earthing system subjected to transient conditions. These standards are: Engineering Association Technical Specification 41-24 (EA TS 41-24), Guidelines for the Design, Testing and Maintenance of Main Earthing Systems in Substations (UK) [1.1]. This standard recognises that equipment such as surge arresters and CVTs are more likely to pass high frequency current due to the low impedance they present to steep fronted surges. This standard suggests that unless a low impedance earth connection is provided, the effectiveness of a surge arrester may be compromised. It is therefore recommended that the connection from the equipment to earth should be as short, and as free from changes in direction, as is practicable. Another guideline in the same standard states that the effectiveness of a surge arrester can be improved by placing a high frequency earth electrode in its immediate vicinity. The standard does not specify any quantitative limits such as over all earthing impedance limit. ANSI/IEEE standard 80 [1.5] Guide for safety in AC substation grounding widely used throughout the world. This standard does not provide detailed guidance for designing for earthing systems subjected to transient conditions. However, it considers that an earthing system that is designed to be safe for power frequency faults should also be safe for transient faults. This is based on the assumption that the human body can withstand higher currents for very short duration. It also considers the safety issues and defines the touch and step potential and provides equation which can be calculated. CENLEC HD 637 SI, Power Installation Exceeding 1kV ac or 1.5kV dc [1.10]. The standard provides measures to reduce the amount of interference created when surges are dissipated to earth. These measures include reducing the inductance of the current path by significantly meshed the earthing system. Moreover, the connection to the earthing system should be as short as possible. BS 6651 [3] Protection of structures against lightning the standard recommends that the earthing system designed for lightning protection should have an earth resistance of less than 10W. The same requirement appears in BS 61400-24:2002 Wind turbine generator system __ Lightning protection with some details regarding earthing system arrangements as mentioned previously. 1.9 Aims of the research Wind turbines become the largest growing electrical energy in the world. Wind farms, however, have particular requirements for earthing compared with conventional electrical installations. They are often very extensive, stretching over several kilometres and subject to frequent lightning strikes due to the height of the structures and their location on high rocky terrain with associated high earth resistivity. Consequence of these developments, there is an increase in fault current associated with windfarms and an increase in the probability of a lightning strike a wind turbine. Therefore, the protection of human beings and livestock becomes more important due to the trend towards large scale high capacity wind farms. The aims and the objectives of this work therefore can be summarised by the following: To review the methods that representing the wind turbine earthing system and their limitations To develop models that produce more accurate results. To use computer simulation to overcome problems in modelling of the wind turbines earthing system To carry out computer simulations in order to investigate the importance of the wind turbine steel tower in modelling of wind turbine earthing system. Design mitigation techniques for fast surge injections. To carry out soil resistivity using a 2-D technique in order to obtain a soil model to be used for Wind Turbine earthing simulations. To carry out dc, ac and impulse measurement of resistance/ impedance of an isolated wind turbine. To carry out dc, ac and impulse measurement of resistance/ impedance of the wind farm interconnected at the location of wind turbine used in point above. To carry out measurement of safety voltages (step and touch voltages) around an isolated wind turbine. To carry out measurement of safety voltages (step and touch voltages) around the same wind turbine when its earthing system is bonded / connected to the wind farm earthing network. To obtain details of the design and construction of the test wind turbine (s) for CDEGS simulation purposes. To draw conclusions and suggest recommendations for a better estimation of Wind farm earthing systems and related safety precautions. 1.10 References: [1.1] Technical Specification 41-24, Guidelines for the Design, Testing and Maintenance of Main Earthing Systems in Substations, Electricity Association, 1992. [1.2] Tagg, G. F.: Earth Resistance. Gorge Newnes Limited. (London), 1964. [1.3] IEC Technical Report, Wind Turbine Generation System -24: Lightning Protection, TR61400-24, 2002. [1.4] IEC International Stand Protection of Strictures against Lightning IEC61024 -1998. [1.5] IEEE guide for safety in AC substation grounding, ANS/IEEE standard 80, 2000. [1.6] ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union): Calculating Induced Voltage and Currents in Practical Cases. Volume II, 1999 [1.7] International Electrotechnical Commission IEC Report 479-1: Effects of current passing through the human body, IEC, 1984. [1.8] Electricity Association: Engineering Recommendation S.34: A guide for assessing the rise of earth potential at substation sites. Engineering Management Conference, May 1986. [1.9] IEEE: IEEE Std 81.2-1991, IEEE Guide for measurement of Impedance and Safety Characteristics of Large, Extended of Interconnected Grounding Systems, The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 1991. [1.10] HD 637S1, Power Installations Exceeding 1kV AC, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC) 1999. [1.11] BS 6651, Code of Practice for Protection of Structures Against Lightning, British Standards Institution, 1992.

Television Essay -- TV Programs, Monitoring

Since television started its first broadcast in 1941, it has become a staple in American’s homes. Television has much influence on our society and culture. It was first created to entertain, deliver information from the government, and to educate. Over the years, television has changed from education to pure entertainment to meet ratings instead of quality. Children’s programming is one of those casualties, adding violence and sexual innuendoes. Even with all the negative programs, one aspect of children’s programming, educational programing, has kept its integrity and continued to thrive for preschoolers. With the number of children’s educational programming increasing, what are the positive affects do those television shows have on preschoolers? Research suggests the most significant positive effects educational television has on a preschooler are that it heightens imagination, teaches the value of positive social behavior, and increase academic skills f or school readiness. Imagination is an important aspect for cognitive development as it shapes the interaction preschoolers have with their environment (Thakkar, 2006). Singer (2003, p1) defines imagination as the capacity to form images in one’s mind of absent objects or to maintain thoughts or ideas without necessary converting those into acts. She determined that the content on television is what hinders or enhances imagination. Research shows preschoolers imagination can be enhanced by educational television. Studying on how television stimulates imagination is done so with numerous techniques such as observation, inkblots, and questionnaires (Singer, 2003). The most research shows on imagination are on Sesame Street, Mister Rodgers Neighborhood, and Barney and Friends. Se... ...age group can grasp Super Why, Word World, and Blues Clues (Moses). Repetition of a programing episode is important so a child can understand the main points. A preschooler may seem to never tire of that same episode because they a learning things that they did understand the first time or missed (Singer, 2003). To ensure that preschoolers are getting the full benefit of educational programing, parent need to be responsible in choosing the appropriate programs and monitor viewing time. Television is criticized for dubitation American’s society because of the violence and over sexualized. However, as the research show, educational television is positive all around for preschoolers. Television networks have also recognized this. Networks such as Nick Jr., Sprout TV, and Baby TV run twenty-four hours a day to educate children no matter what time of day it is.

Client care vrq assessment

As a mobile nail technician my procedures for encouraging the use of additional services and products are:- Via verbal communication to a new client upon discussion of booking an appointment. This may take place either in person or over the telephone. I will listen carefully to the client's request for a particular treatment and will ascertain what outcome they want from the treatment. I am then able to inform them of any additional treatment options I offer which would be of benefit to them.Via verbal communication to an new or existing client during the consultation process before he beginning of a treatment. For example if the client has booked a manicure treatment, having assessed their skin and nail type/condition, if their skin is dry I would take the opportunity to recommend a paraffin wax treatment to supplement the manicure and specifically target their dry skin. During the treatment, I would answer any questions the client may have and this may Include the recommendation of another service or a product that would be of benefit to them.As a rule I would not give advice during the treatment UNLESS the client asks I want them to feel relaxed and to enjoy the experience. Aftercare leaflets are given to each client which recommend products they are able to purchase from me, and each client is given a price list detailing all of the treatments I offer. When home based, my price list is on display under the glass top of the nail station. Promotional offers on seasonal treatments and/or products to encourage a client to try something new.When the treatment is completed I will ask the client if they would like to book another appointment and will take the opportunity to ask If they would like to try any of the additional treatments that they have shown an Interest In over the course of today's retirement. When explaining aftercare, and handing them an aftercare leaflet, I can advise them of any products they could purchase that will be beneficial to help maint ain the effect of the treatment they have had and improve on any condition they may have, such as dry skin.What promoting additional services means to the Therapist If self employed – an increase in income. If employed – an increase in income or commission. An increase in sales may lead to promotion. Positive appraisals and respect. Helps to keep therapist up-to-date with new treatments and products. May be given further training to broaden their knowledge. Helps to show to clients that you are experienced and knowledgeable, leading to an Increase In regular clients. Shows confidence What promoting additional services means to the client The client receives targeted advice for their particular needs.Makes the client aware of new treatments and/or treatments they have no prior knowledge of so they can make an informed decision as to what treatments they would like. Client will be able to maintain the benefit of their treatment for longer if they try new services recomme nded especially for them, and particularly if they purchase professional reduces to use at home in between salon visits. They will feel confident that they are getting the best care from their therapist. What promoting additional services means to the Salon – Increase in sales and therefore income.Gain new clients and an increase in loyal & regular clients. Keeps the salon up to date with new treatments and products. Keeps the salon competitive in an ever growing industry. Helps with stock control & rotation. If you have products not selling very well – a promotion on these may increase sales and help reduce stock. Why is it important to understand the features and benefits of your stock? Describe what is meant by the benefit of a product- The benefit of a product is what the product can do/achieve – for example the benefit of a hand cream is that is nourishes the skin.Products contain a variety of ingredients and different products will have certain features th at provide particular benefits, for example an exfoliated may contain alpha hydroxyl acids (Shahs) from fruit, the benefit of which is to exfoliate the skin and help the production of new skin cells. Understanding the features and benefits of the products that you stock enables you to use the most appropriate reduce for your particular client to ensure they are receiving the best treatment for them that will give them the best outcome.If you are knowledgeable about what your product features and benefits are you are best able to advise your client on products they could purchase that will benefit them, giving them the best service you can, along with helping you sell the product to increase your sales and therefore income. It is also important to understand the features of your stock, as particular products may be unsuitable for a particular client for example due to an allergy they may have.Explain the benefits of a service Manicure – A manicure improves the appearance of th e hands and nails, offering a beneficial treatment that can improve dry skin, weak or brittle nails and prevent damage to the nails and cuticles. Filing the free edge of the nail improves appearance and prevents splitting, peeling and breaking. Softening and removing excess cuticle keeps them tidy and healthy and prevents the formation of hang nails. Massage of the hand and lower arm increases circulation, aids the removal of excess fluid and toxins, relieves stress and promotes relaxation.Skin is exfoliated and rushed, feeling softer to the touch. For a client with weak, splitting or peeling nails a nail strengthener product could be used, and retailed to the client to continue using at home. A paraffin wax treatment complements a manicure, particularly for clients with dry skin. This warming treatment is also beneficial for someone with arthritis. Other treatments that could be offered are:- Hand Mask, this can also be used along with heated mittens. Warm oil treatment. Products y ou could retail to the client include:- Nail file, Cuticle Oil, Hand Cream, Nail Varnish color of their choiceHow would you recognize a client's interest and when would be the most appropriate time to talk about other services? I would recognize a client's interest by listening carefully to them, watching their body language and facial expressions (such as nodding in agreement, smiling) and by asking them questions to find out what they are looking for/wanting to achieve. A client may ask a lot of questions about a particular product or treatment and this would be a great time to advise them on other features & benefits of the product or services beneficial to them. They may moment on my skin or nails and I could inform them of treatments I use.If a client commented on the lovely smell and feel of a product during a treatment I could inform them that we sell that particular product so they could continue to use it at home. A client may spend some time reading through a particular se ction of the salon's brochure so I could ask if they had any questions about something they may like to try. A client may mention a holiday in the sun they have Just booked – a good opportunity to mention how lovely it is to have a pedicure to treat the feet before ongoing flip flops & sandals, along with a waxing treatment to be ‘beach ready'!The most appropriate times to talk about other services would be during the booking process when you are ascertaining what treatment the client would like – there is an opportunity here to give them a few different options. During the consultation before the start of the treatment, once you have established any particular problems the client may have, you could offer advice on other services that will be of benefit to them. During treatment there may be occasions where the client asks questions, which should be answered.They may also be keen to chat for example when their feet are soaking or when their hands or feet are in heated mittens or booties. (Although it would be inappropriate to discuss other services if the client is showing signs that they Just want to relax during times in the treatment such as during massage, soaking feet etc). Give a brief summary of what the following laws stand for: The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the main legislation in the UK that provides the legal framework to ensure a safe working environment is provided for employers, employees and clients.Everyone has a duty to comply with the Act, including employers, employees and the self-employed. The Act places duties on the employer and the employee to promote high standards of health and safety in the workplace. Provide and maintain safe systems of work and safety equipment. Ensure the proper handling, storage, transportation and use of materials. Provide information, training and supervision. Provide a safe working environment. Have a written Health & Safety Policy and conduct written risk assessments. Look aft er the health and safety of there, for example clients.Some examples of employees duties under the Act are:- Take care of their own health and safety and that of others. Co-operate with their employers for example by complying with regulations to wear personal protective equipment (PEP) where necessary. To report any accidents, near misses and faulty equipment to the delegated Health and Safety Representative/Officer or Salon Manager The Consumer Protection Act 1987 protects the consumer by legislating that the products and services that consumers purchase must be safe and suitable for use I. E. Not defective.Products must be of merchantable quality and ‘fit for purpose'. There are strict measures for liability for damage caused by defective products. Government bodies are able to intervene to regulate the quality of products, and it makes giving misleading price information a criminal offence. The Trade Descriptions Act 1968 legislates that information provided by the manufac turer and retailer about products and services, must be accurate and must not be misleading. You should not make false or exaggerated claims about the benefits of a product or service to a consumer/client – to do so is illegal.Products and services should be ‘as described', be of satisfactory quality, and fit for purpose. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 and the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994 protect consumers when they buy, hire and return goods. These Acts legislate that goods must be:- Of good quality, as described, fit for purpose. The goods must also match any sample that a consumer is shown in-store. A consumer enters into a contract with a retailer when they purchase goods, and if those goods fail to meet the above standards then the consumer is entitled to a full refund or can make a claim under these Acts.The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 legislates to protect the consumer/client from the provision of a poor service or against bad workmanship. Under this A ct all services provided, for example a manicure, must be undertaken with reasonable care and skill and for a reasonable price and within a reasonable timescale. Treatment – Manicure. Possible links to suggest: Paraffin Wax Treatment Mask Treatment Hot Oil Treatment Exfoliation Hand Scrub Forearm waxing French Polish Finish Pedicure with matching or contrasting nail varnish color Natural Nail Overlay Nail Enhancements Purchase of cuticle oilPurchase of nail strengthener Purchase of nail varnish and/or backseat and/or topcoat Treatment – Pedicure. Possible links to suggest:- Leg and/or Toe Wax Manicure with matching or contrasting nail varnish color Nail Art Purchase of heel repair cream Treatment – Leg Wax. Possible links to suggest: Pedicure Waxing on other areas such as bikini, underarm Spray Tanning Purchase of exfoliating scrub Purchase of leg & foot cream Treatment – Facials. Possible links to suggest:- Eyebrow shape Eyebrow tint Eyebrow wax Lash tin t Lash extensions Make Up application or lesson Indian Head Massage Lip waxElectrolysis Purchase of eye cream Purchase of face creams/serums Purchase of make-up What is meant by the term ‘body language? Body language is non-verbal communication such as smiling, nodding, appropriate posture and personal space, eye contact. Treatments you would promote for each season:- Spring: Mother's Day Gift Vouchers . ‘Get ready for Summer' packages including Manicure & Pedicure, Facials, Waxing & Spray Tanning. Easter Nail Art with/without such as reflexology and Hopi ear candles. Exfoliation treatments such as micro determination, and body wrap treatments to ‘shed' your winter skin.Promotion of nail varnishes in spring colors – think of floral colors such as pink roses and yellow daffodils. Greens, lilacs and blues. Summer: Pre-holiday packages that include Leg, Bikini and Underarm Waxing along with eyebrow wax and tint and a pedicure. Bridal Package that includes brida l make up (trial and application on day), relaxing massage of choice and manicure with French polish. Spray Tanning Promotion such as 1/2 price matching file and polish on hands with every summer pedicure. Special offer on combinations of waxing.Promote pastel shades of nail varnish and make up and and/face creams that contain UP protection. Autumn: Target sun-damage repair with treatments such as facials, body wraps, exfoliation/micro determination. Spray tanning – ‘Keep your summer tan for longer' promotion. Halloween Nail Art. Bonfire Night Nail Art. Manicure treatments to promote nail growth ready for the Christmas party season. Promote autumn colors in nail varnish and make-up – oranges, reds, greens. Winter: Gift Vouchers for Christmas Presents. Christmas Party Packages – Manicures with Christmas nail art and Pedicures with Twinkle Toes.Body wraps and socials to keep skin hydrated during the cold winter months. Clients may not want wax treatments as regularly during winter due to covering up in warm clothes so a promotion of a buy one get one free/half price wax treatment e. G. Have a leg wax and get a bikini wax free or half price so you maintain your regular customers over the winter. Or a half price leg wax with a spray tan treatment. Promote the darker color nail varnishes such as black and blues and purples along with glitter finishes and anything that sparkles for the party season.How could you learn about new products or services for the salon? You can learn about new services or products for the salon in a variety of ways. It is good practice to continually refresh and update your skills by attending regular training courses and refresher courses which will keep you up to date with new techniques and products. Other ways are:- Subscribing to industry magazines and reading other literature for example from manufacturers, will keep you up-to-date on new products and services on the market.Researching new and other service s and products that via on-line research or via your wholesaler, other stores and manufacturers. Trialing the products yourself – use new products at home for a time to see the benefits for yourself. Receive other and new treatments to experience the treatment for yourself. Attend manufacturers sessions aimed at educating you on their products. Attend trade shows. Information sharing by all technicians within the salon. Ask questions/ shadow more experienced technicians. How will any new services benefit the salon?New services will benefit the salon by increasing the client base and therefore the salon's income. Existing clients will enjoy trying new treatments which they may then kook in regularly for. New clients wishing for these particular services will be attracted to the salon, and then may become a regular for that treatment and other treatments the salon offers. New services will mean the salon remains competitive in confident that the technicians in the salon are tra ined regularly to be able to provide the new services.The more services a salon can offer, the more the ability to adapt a treatment to suit a particular client. New services may bring a new range of products that that salon can promote for retail, increasing sales and income. Technicians will come multi-skilled and more knowledgeable, gaining client's confidence and helping to keep clients loyal to the salon. New services mean new training for the technicians which will keep them interested and enthused in their work, creating a positive working environment where the technicians feel valued.What are the main factors that might influence clients to use your products or services? Good Advertising and a good image. Positive word-of-mouth from existing clients. Convenient location. Technicians that are pleasant, professional, knowledgeable, with good presentation and personal hygiene. A clean and tidy salon. Competitive prices, loyalty schemes and promotions. A good range of services a nd products offered, that can be confidently tailored to the clients individual needs. Professional range of products.Client feels valued and looked after and has confidence in the technicians knowledge and abilities. How would you introduce a new service to a nervous client? The ‘hard sell' approach rarely works and could intimidate a nervous client. I would use clear verbal communication they can understand with no Jargon, together with encouraging body language and would be aware of the client's body language to indicate if they are interested or not, seem happy/comfortable or not, and I would ensure I am giving them enough personal space.Building a good rapport with a nervous client and demonstrating knowledge and confidence will help the client feel confident that they can trust my advice. Promotion of a new service should be timed appropriately. I would answer any questions the client has and let them sample the products that would be used, along with clearly explaining the features and benefits of the service, the length of time the service will take, the cost and the process involved. If they seem unsure – I would give them time to think it over and let them know they can call back anytime if they have any further queries.What factors must you take into account when selling a new service or product, especially if you cannot perform the treatment yourself? When selling a new service or product you must ensure you are complying with consumer legislation, for example the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994 and the Trade Descriptions Act 1968. You need to be well informed about the service and product – in particular you need determine if it is suitable for the particular client. If it is a high maintenance retirement – does the client have enough commitment and time to keep on top of it?You would need to know how long the treatment takes, what products are used – their features and benefits – and how much the treatme nt or product costs. You need to be aware of your client's body language – are they really interested in the sale or not? If you cannot perform the treatment yourself you will not be the best person to give the client advice as you may not be well informed about the treatment and the products used. The client may end up disappointed with the results which could lead to them making a complaint or not coming back to the salon.You could put the client at risk if you promoted a service or product you did not know enough about as it may be an inappropriate treatment for the client for example due to an allergy they may have. The client may sue for compensation and the salon may be held liable. You should find out what you need to know to answer a client's questions by asking a therapist who can perform the treatment and/or has received the product training. Or you could ask this therapist to speak to the client.If a client had reservations about a product or service I would clearl y and simply explain the features and infinite, using terminology they will understand. I would explain why this service or product would be advantageous for them. I would let the client try a sample of the product and answer any questions they have, demonstrating its usage. There may be some literature such as a brochure about the product/service that the client could read. I would not put pressure on the client, but allow them to take their time to decide. They may want to go away and think about it.If it is a treatment they are unsure about I would talk them through it step by step so they would know what to expect. The client may want to talk to a more experience therapist, or someone who has had the treatment/used the product. I would ask the clients questions to determine what they are unsure about. If they are concerned about the price of a product I would let them know how long it will last, or show them different size options. Giving appropriate and balanced information to clients is possible if you have good knowledge and experience with the treatments and products you use & sell.Keep up to date with training on existing and new products and services. Doing a thorough linen consultation, and asking the client questions for further information will mean you are best able to advise them on what is best for them, or alternatively what would NOT be ideal for them. Asking plenty of open questions which allows the client to give you more detailed answers will help you ascertain more about the client and their expectations. Noting the skin and nail type a client has will help you adapt any treatments for any particular problems they may have.You need to consider any financial restraints the client may have that might make a more ‘high maintenance' treatment unsuitable for them. They may or may not have the time or commitment needed to properly maintain some treatments, for example nail enhancements. Be honest with the client about their expectations à ¢â‚¬â€œ if what they want cannot be achieved you must tell them, and offer alternatives. The ‘hard sell' approach rarely works and the client will not appreciated feeling they are being pushed into a sale. Encouraged, to ask questions as a client becomes educated about a product or service by asking questions that are answered confidently and with knowledge by the therapist. If a client is educated about their treatment and the products they arches they are more likely to be happy with the service and effects of the treatment, and will be more likely to return to the salon for regular treatments. They will get more out of their treatment by keeping up with good homemade advice and by using products correctly.They are less likely to use products incorrectly therefore will put themselves at less risk of contra-actions following a treatment or use of a product. If the therapist questions the client, they will be best able to determine what treatment or product would be most benef icial for them, and be able to adapt treatments specifically for their needs. Better homemade advice can be given and the client will find the benefits of the treatment last longer and will feel valued as a client, and will feel confident in the skills and knowledge of the therapist.A client who asks questions, and is questioned by the therapist , is less likely to have unachievable expectations, but instead will know what benefits to realistically expect. Questioning the client gives you the opportunity to find out whether they have understood what you have said. Giving them time to ask you questions means they will not feel pressured, and you are more likely to build a rapport with the client. One question can lead to another, and you may get the opportunity to promote new services and products.Question 24, page 17 Ensure you have given the client all the necessary information about the product or treatment. They can still change their mind so stay positive with encouraging body l anguage and verbal communication. Ask the client if they would like to book their appointment now for the treatment, but do allow them time to make the final decision so they don't feel pressured – make sure they have your contact details if they prefer to call back at a later date to make the booking. If they are purchasing a product you can move the sale along by asking encouraging questions such as â€Å"Which size would you like to take today? , or â€Å"Would you like a bag for that? â€Å". Take payment from the client using the methods accepted by the salon Question 25, page 18 Some treatments are quite ‘high maintenance', for example acrylic nail enhancements. A client having acrylic nail enhancements needs to be made aware of the maintenance needed and therefore time to be committed to regular appointments for infill's and rebalanced. Once the client understands this – they can aka an informed decision on whether the enhancements are the right treatme nt for them.If a client makes a booking for a new and/or luxury treatment they have not had before it is important they understand how long the treatment will take – if they don't, they may end up running late for another appointment they have made which will spoil the treatment for them if they are feeling stressed about time. Clients also need to be made aware that it is important that they are not late for their treatment – it is unfair for the client booked in after them to have to be made to wait, and it may prevent this. This will lead to disappointment for this client.If a product the client would like to purchase is currently out of stock this could lead to disappointment – but if they are clearly informed when it will be available, and that you will track the order for them and contact them as soon as it is back in stock – you are more likely to keep them happy and keep them returning to the salon. Clear and effective communication with a client will prevent any misunderstandings and disappointment for the client. They may want to try a new treatment but it is only offered by a small number of therapists in the salon, meaning there is a longer dating list.Client's who are well informed are more likely to remain loyal to the salon. Theory Evidence Sheet 2 Question 1, page 19 Personal space is the area around a person that they perceive to be private, and if that area is intruded upon it makes them feel uncomfortable. The size of that area will be different to each individual and can be different depending on whom they are communicating with/close to e. G. Whether it is a friend or a stranger. Some people can feel very stressed and anxious when their personal space is invaded. They can feel threatened, upset or angry.Question 2, page 19 Feedback from clients on client care can be gained via the following methods:- In person via verbal communication – you or your Manager can ask your clients how they would rate the care they have received and whether any improvements could be made. Just be aware that a client could feel ‘put on the spot' when asked such questions in person and they may feel uncomfortable in giving an honest answer. Over the telephone – this could be done by the client's own therapist, the Salon Manager or another employee given the task to survey client's opinions on care.They ay be more honest with their answers than if asked in person. You would need to ensure you have up to date telephone numbers for your clients and this could be a costly and time consuming way to do a survey. By post or e-mail – using written communication. A short survey could be posted or e-mailed to clients. If done via post the clients answers could by anonymous therefore you may be more likely to get honest opinions. E-mail would be the cheaper option. The benefits of a written survey is that the client is less likely to feel pressured into completing it and can do it in their own tim e. You may though get a low response.Up to date client records would be essential to ensure you have up to date addresses and e-mail addresses. Via the Salon's website – clients could be encouraged to view the website and complete a short survey (anonymously if they wish). Clients may be more likely to complete a survey if they have an incentive such as a half price treatment or product. Any survey should be kept short and ask the most important questions first in case they do not get time to finish it. Feedback should show where you are doing well with client care and where there are areas of improvement needed. Training needs can be

Old Navy’s Promotion Strategy essay

Old Navy’s Promotion Strategy essay Old Navy’s Promotion Strategy essay Old Navy’s Promotion Strategy essayI have obtained your request to provide my opinion and recommendations on the promotion strategy used by the Old Navy and I am ready to assist you and do my best to help you understand my view on the promotion strategy of your company from the standpoint of an outsider. While making my judgments about the promotion strategy of the Old Navy, I do my best to remain objective in my judgments. I refer to facts only and make my recommendations on the ground of my assumptions about the vision and future prospects of the company.On analyzing the current promotion strategy of the Old Navy, it is necessary to point out that the market strategy is quite efficient as long as it focuses on the target customer group of young males at the age of 25-35. At this point, I would point out several key transformations that have occurred to the Old Navy’s promotion strategy recently. First, the company has shifted toward the wider use of internet and mobil e devices to reach the target customer group. Second, the company attempts to revive its advertising using music, active, dynamic visual effects instead of mannequins as was the case of past advertising, which though were quite noteworthy all the same.At first glance, the advertising and promotion strategy seem to be quite efficient. However, the question is whether the current promotion strategy can reach the target customer group of the company to the full extent. At this point, it is important to refer one more time to the target customer group. The company defines its target customer group as young people at the age of 25-35. At the same time, the company basically focuses not only on the US but also on international markets. On the one hand, the proposed promotion strategy is efficient as long as it focuses on young males in well-developed countries because internet and mobile telecommunication systems are well-developed there.However, on the other hand, the company is likely t o face problems, if the company attempts to reach the international customer group, including developing countries. The problem is that young males in developing countries may not have such wide access to high speed internet connection, especially via their mobile phones in developing countries. In fact, this promotion strategy focuses on the target customer group in the US, Canada, the EU and some other well-developed countries only. This strategy will hardly reach the target customer group to the full extent in developing countries because of their technological backwardness.In this regard, the company should consider the possibility of changing its promotion strategy shifting from mobile applications and mobile devices to the promotion via internet that is available via PCs or laptops mainly, while mobile phone applications should be supplementary rather than the mainstream element of the current promotional campaign. If the company agrees to make such a change, the company will benefit consistently because it will still use the most popular media that is particularly attractive for young male at the age of 25-35. Moreover, the company will be able to use the full potential of visualization, which is not always available, if users watch advertising on their mobile phones. At the same time, this strategy will definitely allow the company to reach the global customer group because internet is available worldwide and the target customer group that has access to internet can easily receive the promotional message from the Old Navy.Furthermore, the decision of the company to make its advertising more vivid and dynamic is apparently right because it enhances the effectiveness of the promotional campaign. The target customer group consists of young males, who are active. Therefore, they are likely to enjoy the advertising that implies the active lifestyle. In such a way, the promotion strategy and advertisings do not just promote the product of the Old Navy but th ey rather promote the lifestyle that is more efficient in the contemporary business environment than the mere promotion of the product. While promoting the lifestyle, the company develops strong associations in customers between the promoted lifestyle and products of the company. Therefore, if customers follow the promoted lifestyle, they will also start buying and using products of the company because they associate those products with the particular lifestyle. In this regard, the promotion strategy is very efficient.At the same time, the Old Navy’s promotion strategy underestimates the potential of social networks. In actuality, the promotion strategy of the company does not use social networks at all, whereas social networks have huge potential as a powerful promotional tool that can reach the target audience even more effectively than the promotion via internet developed by the company at the moment. Therefore, the company should consider the possibility of the developmen t of the promotion strategy that uses social networks as tools of the promotion of products of the company. More important, the company should use social networks not only for the promotion of its products but also and mainly for the promotion of its brand. Social networks are perfect tools that can help the company to create a positive brand image. For instance, a large number of positive feedbacks concerning the company can increase the popularity of the company among users as well as among customers. In addition the company should use the full potential of social networks to create the positive brand image through promoting its social policies. For instance, the company can sponsor socially significant events and share this information via social networks. Alternatively, the company can launch a socially significant even in social networks, for instance, a fundraising campaign to protect the environment.Finally, the focus of the promotion strategy of the Old Navy is very specific , accurate and narrow, in a way. In fact, I wander whether the company limits its target customer group to young males only. If the company promotes the particular lifestyle in terms of its promotional campaign, then the company apparently expects to have the long-run customer loyalty. Therefore, the company should consider the possibility of expanding the age of the target customer group that will need respective changes in the promotion strategy.Thus, I expect my analysis and recommendations will be useful for your company and you will make right decisions to maximize the effectiveness of your promotional campaign. At the same time, you can refer to me anytime for the further collaboration and consultations.